Just off the northeastern coast of Malta lies one of the island’s most fascinating underwater landscapes: is-Sikka l-Bajda, also known as the White Reef. Although it doesn’t receive the same attention as popular coastal dive sites, this submerged reef is a place of mystery, beauty, and historical importance that continues to captivate divers and marine enthusiasts alike.
The Name and Location
The name is-Sikka l-Bajda translates to “the white reef” or “the white track.” It lies about three kilometres off the Aħrax Peninsula, stretching toward the channel between Malta and Comino. The reef’s underwater terrain is incredibly varied—ranging from shallow rocky plateaus to steep drop-offs that plunge deep into the blue.
In certain areas, the reef rises to within just 12 to 15 metres of the surface, while in others it drops beyond 60 metres. This diversity makes it a dream site for experienced divers who enjoy exploration and adventure. Because of the currents and shifting seabed, diving here is generally recommended for advanced divers who are comfortable in open-water conditions.
For navigation, divers often use visible landmarks from land—aligning church domes or coastal towers to find precise entry points. Beneath the waves, the reef reveals an intricate landscape that showcases Malta’s unique geology and marine biodiversity.
Underwater Landscape and Marine Life
Is-Sikka l-Bajda is not a single ridge but a broad plateau made up of limestone structures, crevices, and sinkholes. Some of these circular depressions, now filled with marine vegetation, were once formed thousands of years ago when sea levels were much lower. The reef’s irregular surface and vertical walls create a perfect environment for fish, crustaceans, and corals to thrive.
Divers exploring the reef often encounter a rich variety of marine life—eagle rays gliding gracefully in the blue, large dusky groupers lurking near ledges, and stingrays resting in sandy patches. Schools of amberjack, barracuda, and tuna flash through open water, while octopuses, moray eels, and small gobies hide among the rocks. On clear days, visibility can reach up to 40 metres, revealing a breathtaking panorama of limestone formations and soft corals swaying with the current.
The reef acts as an ecological hub—an elevated underwater island supporting countless species. It’s both a feeding and breeding ground, playing a vital role in maintaining Malta’s marine biodiversity.
A Hidden Piece of History
Beyond its natural wonders, is-Sikka l-Bajda holds a fascinating link to World War II. In the early 1990s, divers discovered the remains of an aircraft scattered across the seabed—a silent reminder of Malta’s wartime struggles. Further investigation revealed parts of an engine and aircraft fragments belonging to a German Junkers Ju 87D Stuka dive-bomber that had crashed into the sea in 1942.
The story goes that during an air raid on Malta, the aircraft was hit by anti-aircraft fire and lost altitude before crashing near the reef. The wreck has since become part of the underwater scenery, providing a poignant historical dimension to this already extraordinary site. Some fragments still lie on the seabed, now encrusted with marine growth and home to small fish—nature slowly reclaiming a relic of human conflict.
Threats and Conservation Challenges
Despite its beauty, is-Sikka l-Bajda faces serious environmental challenges. Over the past few decades, human activity has placed immense pressure on this delicate ecosystem.
One major problem is the use of octopus traps. While once limited and carefully monitored, modern fishing practices often involve long, unmarked lines of traps that can become lost or abandoned. These traps continue to catch marine life long after being forgotten, turning into what divers call “ghost gear.” The result is unnecessary death and disruption to the reef’s natural balance.
Another significant threat comes from anchoring and shipping activity. Large vessels have been known to drop anchors directly onto the reef, dragging heavy chains that crush seagrass beds and break apart fragile limestone structures. Although some regulations have been introduced to restrict anchoring, enforcement remains inconsistent.
Tuna farms and related maritime industries also pose challenges. Nutrient runoff, uneaten feed, and waste products from fish cages can cloud the water and cause the buildup of organic matter on the reef. This, in turn, reduces water quality and affects the delicate balance of life on the seabed.
Noise pollution, increased boat traffic, and unregulated recreational activity all add to the stress on the ecosystem. Over time, these combined pressures have reduced fish populations and weakened the reef’s overall health.
Why Is-Sikka l-Bajda Matters
Is-Sikka l-Bajda is far more than just a diving site—it’s a symbol of Malta’s deep connection with the sea.
Ecological Value
As one of the largest submerged reef systems in Maltese waters, it supports an extraordinary variety of life. The interplay of light, current, and rock structure provides niches for both large pelagic species and small reef dwellers. Protecting it means safeguarding an essential part of the Mediterranean marine ecosystem.
Historical Significance
The wartime aircraft resting on the reef gives it cultural depth, transforming it into a living museum beneath the waves. It reminds us of Malta’s resilience and the stories buried beneath its waters.
Educational and Recreational Importance
For divers, the reef represents adventure and discovery. For scientists, it is a natural laboratory for studying reef ecology and human impact. And for the public, it stands as a reminder of the beauty and fragility of marine environments.
Protecting the Reef
The future of is-Sikka l-Bajda depends on sustained conservation efforts. Experts and divers alike have suggested several key actions:
Stricter control of fishing gear, ensuring traps are marked and removed after use.
Anchoring restrictions to prevent large vessels from damaging the reef.
Better management of tuna farms, possibly relocating them further offshore.
Official designation as a marine protected area, with monitoring and enforcement.
Community engagement, encouraging divers and local groups to report damage, remove debris, and participate in conservation projects.
Already, some steps have been taken, and awareness among divers is growing. Each cleanup dive, each photograph shared, and each story told helps keep attention focused on this fragile but vital ecosystem.
Is-Sikka l-Bajda remains one of Malta’s most enchanting underwater treasures—a place where natural beauty, history, and mystery intertwine. Its limestone ridges and hidden caves tell stories of geological time, while its wartime relics whisper of human courage and loss. Yet its continued survival depends on us.
By treating the reef with respect—by anchoring responsibly, fishing sustainably, and advocating for protection—we can ensure that future generations will also have the chance to explore its depths and feel the same awe that divers do today.
Beneath the shimmering blue surface, is-Sikka l-Bajda waits—silent, powerful, and alive—reminding us that even the hidden corners of our seas deserve a voice.
